Why have the recommendations for vitamin D recently become a controversial topic among experts?
Originally, it was thought that vitamin D just helped the body absorb more calcium to strengthen the bones. Within cells, vitamin D interacts with the genes to modulate how the cells function or grow. More current research suggests that higher levels of vitamin D intake may help reduce the risks of some types of cancers and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D may also influence the function of the immune system in fighting infections and the development of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
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Which of the following is true regarding B vitamins and homocysteine metabolism?
a. Folate catabolyzes homocysteine b. Biotin supplements reduce blood homocysteine levels c. Excessive homocysteine intake reduces vitamin B12 absorption d. High blood homocysteine levels correlate with reduced incidence of colon cancer e. High folate levels are necessary for the synthesis of homocysteine
The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is the
A) norovirus. B) poliovirus. C) cytomegalovirus. D) tobacco mosaic virus.
Variations in gene expression that occur without alterations in DNA sequence are called _____ modifications
a. epigenetic b. nutrigenomic c. nutrigenetic d. biogenetic
Many of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness and an increase in respiratory infections, are related to the role of vitamin A in:
a. blood clotting. b. synthesis of visual pigments. c. maintaining the epithelial cells. d. synthesis of hormones.