The isolation effect is __________
a. the fact that repetition leads to stronger memory traces
b. the fact that the frequency of events seems to be encoded into memory easily (or automatically)
c. improved memory for one piece of evidence that has been made distinct or different
d. the fact that rehearsal organization and imagery lead to better retrieval
Answer: c
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Which of the following has NOT been voiced as a criticism of trait theories?
a. They merely label rather than explain personality. b. They assume behavior is relatively stable. c. They cannot be measured by psychological inventories. d. They ignore situational influences and fail to capture the uniqueness of individuals. e. They use circular reasoning.
Tolman believed that:
a. learning occurs independently of reinforcement b. if no reinforcement occurs, no learning occurs c. reinforcement governs classical conditioning but not instrumental conditioning d. reinforcement governs instrumental conditioning but not classical conditioning
Riley reports that watching commercials has classically conditioned her to only buy a particular brand of hand lotion and she could not possibly even consider purchasing any other brand
What might you want to remind her about classical conditioning in advertisements? A) Classical conditioning affects emotions, but does not cause us to blindly follow suggestions to purchase products. B) Classical conditioning can be reversed with therapy. C) Classical conditioning can be reversed by exposing oneself to other types of CS. D) Classical conditioning does not have an impact on humans.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
According to Loevinger (1976), the highest ego stage in her theory is the “louder” or “noisier” ego.