Offenders’ perceptions of certainty, swiftness, and severity is referred to as ______.
a. perceptual deterrence
b. general deterrence
c. harmony
d. parsimony
a. perceptual deterrence
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Following a time of unrelenting criticisms by reformers, _____ represents a major concrete policing result of the 1960's
a. Unionization c. Centralization b. Polarization d. Revolution
Define the natural and probable consequences doctrine and discuss the rationale of courts that have rejected the doctrine.
What will be an ideal response?
One recreational activity in prison that ended in some states as it became out of favor with the public and politicians is what?
a. Playing cards b. Weight lifting c. Basketball d. Watching cable TV
The most popular breed of dog used for police work is the:
A) Labrador Retriever B) Springer Spaniel C) German Shepherd D) British Shorthair