When participants become sensitized to the intent of the study or the desired responses the researchers are seeking from pretest to posttest, which type of threat to internal validity occurs?
A. history
B. maturation
C. attrition
D. testing
Ans: D
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The point of the Rosenhan study is that
a. obedience to authority is pervasive. b. professional staff in hospitals expect clients to be "crazy", simply because the clients are in-patients. c. defense mechanisms such as denial and reaction formation are most commonly seen an aggressive patients. d. medication plus therapy works better then medication alone or therapy alone.
All of the following are dysfunctional schemas that Beck postulated were commonly associated with specific personality disorders, EXCEPT: _____________________
a. avoidant: "I might get hurt.". b. psychotic: "I am crazy.". c. histrionic: "I need to impress others.". d. compulsive: "Errors are bad.".
Which of the following people are least likely to have any training in the skills of helping or healing?
A. Traditional healers B. Indigenous helpers C. Complementary medicine specialists D. Professional clinicians
In the model of White American identity development described by Janet Helms, in the disintegration phase an individual:
a. is not aware of minorities. b. acknowledges prejudice and discrimination. c. engages in reverse discrimination. d. appreciates both minority and majority group members.