Which is the most effective pain-management approach for a child who is having a bone marrow aspiration?
a. Relaxation techniques
b. Administration of an opioid
c. EMLA cream applied over site
d. Conscious or unconscious sedation
ANS: D
Effective pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures should be used to minimize pain associated with procedures. For bone marrow aspiration, conscious or unconscious sedation should be used. Relaxation, opioids, and EMLA can be used to augment the conscious or unconscious sedation.
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