How does Helicobacter pylori cause gastric ulcers in humans?

We study cellular respiration because it is one of the most important pathways in biology. In fact, nearly all

carbohydrates at some point in their catabolism are directed through cellular respiration. Why is it unnecessary to have multiple independent pathways to break down different molecules?

a. Using cellular respiration is theoretically the most efficient way to break down sugars and other molecules. b. Oxygen must be used in the breakdown of all molecules in order to yield ATP. c. Greater complexity would lead to an eventual failure of the biological system. d. Most biological cells only catabolize one or two different types of sugars and only need one main pathway. e. Energy-containing macromolecules can be converted to products that can enter at various points in the cellular respiration pathway.

Below is a pedigree of a fairly common human hereditary trait; the boxes represent males and the circles represent females. Filled-in symbols indicate the abnormal phenotype

Given that one gene pair is involved, (a) Is the inheritance pattern X-linked or autosomal? (b) Give the genotype of each individual in the pedigree. If more than one genotypic possibility exists, present all possible alternatives.

You ask to hold the baby and feel a hard mass in the abdomen. Together with your chemical and physical findings, you decide to operate on the small intestine to remove what appears to be a cyst. If you're successful, what will the baby's digestive system be able to do now that it couldn't before?

a. Poop! b. Form pepsin c. Absorb sugars d. Break down fatty acids e. Absorb amino acids f. Break down carbohydrates g. Harbor bacteria

Why is the mouth of a culture tube passed through the Bunsen burner flame after removing and before replacing the cap?

What will be an ideal response?