Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. In United States v. Clary (1994), U.S. District Court Judge Cahill's decision to sentence 18-year- old first-time offender Edward Clary to four years instead of the mandatory 10-year sentence resulted in an appeal to the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals, which in turn overturned the four-year sentence and sent Clary back to prison to complete his 10 year sentence.
2. Criminal caseloads for state and federal courts are comprised in large part of drug offenses.
3. The term disparity refers to a difference in treatment or outcome that rests upon an intentional bias or prejudice:
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
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What ethnic and gender differences characterize policing today? What is the social signific-ance of this diversity?
What will be an ideal response?
Source control strategies can undermine the economies of third-world nations.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
James Byrne (2008) classifies devices such as pepper spray as "good technology" and contrasts that with the development of tasers, which he classifies as "bad technology."
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Making an act criminal after it is committed or retroactively increasing punishment is called
a. habeas corpus. b. a bill of attainder. c. an ex post facto law. d. double jeopardy.