Which changes in psychiatric nursing practice are directly attributable to events occurring during the Decade of the Brain? Select all that apply
a. Homeless shelters became practice sites.
b. Nurses upgraded knowledge of psychopharmacology.
c. Nurses provided psychoeducation to patients and families.
d. Nurses viewed psychiatric symptoms as resulting from brain irregularities.
e. Nurses were more likely to advocate for patients' rights related to involuntary commitment.
B, C, D
Psychobiologic research relating to brain structure and function made it possible for psychiatric nurses to view symptoms as brain irregularities and made it necessary for them to become knowledgeable about psychotropic medications to make appropriate assessments regarding desired outcomes and side and toxic effects of therapy. With hospital stays shortened, it became necessary for nurses to provide psychoeducation to patients and families who would need to monitor outcomes, symptoms of relapse, and side and toxic effects of medication. Homeless shelters became practice sites with the onset of deinstitutionalization. Advocacy for patients' rights relating to hospitalization and commitment became an ethical issue before the Decade of the Brain.
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