Which level of measurement is the most basic and least descriptive?

A. ordinal
B. ratio
C. interval
D. nominal


D. nominal

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following is NOT a common method of forgery?

a. All of the following are methods of forgery. b. A freehand drawing of the signature c. Tracing the signature d. The forger may sign the document in his or her own writing.

Criminal Justice

As a result of her drug conviction and subsequent prison sentence, Colleen is not allowed to return to her public housing apartment nor can she receive food stamp benefits. Colleen is suffering the impact of

a. racial discrimination. b. invisible punishments. c. ex post facto laws. d. the Prison Litigation Reform Act.

Criminal Justice

Who is hired by companies who want to test their security system by way of violations?

a. cracker b. black hat hacker c. sneaker d. white hat hacker

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is not a reason why specific deterrence and strict punishment do not work with juveniles?

a. Incarcerating youths cuts them off from prosocial supports in the community, making them more reliant on deviant peers. b. The stigma of harsh treatment labels adolescents and helps lock them into a criminal career. c. Experiencing harsh punishment may cause severe psychological problems. d. Punishment will lead to future compliance of social and legal norms.

Criminal Justice