Describe the three types of participant observer role. Then provide one advantage and disadvantage of using each type of role.
What will be an ideal response?
Complete observation: A role in participant observation in which the researcher does not participate in group activities and is publicly defined as a researcher. Covert (complete) participation: A role in field research in which the researcher does not reveal his or her identity as a researcher to those who are observed. The covert participant has adopted the role of a "complete participant." Participation and Observation: Most field researchers adopt a role that involves some active participation in the setting.
Complete observation has an advantage that the participants are not disrupted by participation from the researcher. However, a disadvantage is that there may be changes individual or group behavior because they know they are being observed.
Participation and observation may have an advantage in developing trust and rapport among study participants, but a disadvantage is that researchers may have to engage in questionable activities.
Covert observation can be advantageous to studying phenomena in the most realistic of settings since the participants do not know that they are being studied. However, a disadvantage is that they have more difficulty collecting data since they cannot reveal their role; they cannot take notes or jottings.
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