A light that is actually twice as bright appears to us to be less than twice as bright. That observation led early psychologists to which of the following discoveries?
a. Structuralism
b. The psychophysical function
c. Humanistic psychology
d. The phenomenon of binocular rivalry
b
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Which statement regarding the friendships that often develop between youngsters is FALSE?
a. Because children typically play with their same-sex peers, boys and girls rarely become friends b. Children and adolescents usually befriend others who are different from themselves, and this complementarity enhances the relationship. c. Most friends are alike in age, gender, and race, and it is uncommon for an older child to develop a friendship with a younger child. d. Friendships among children from different racial or ethnic groups are more common in schools that are in ethnically diverse neighborhoods.
Why is it that obsessive passion leads to difficulties in one's relationships? a. Because it leads others in the person's life to feel continually criticized
b. Because obsessive passion interferes with the mentor/protégé relationship. c. Because the individual cannot disengage fully from thoughts about the specific activity for which they have the passion. d. Because such passion prevents burnout, which in turn leads to very little "mental energy" being left for others in the person's life.
All but which of the following people are demonstrating an irrational belief, according to Ellis?
a. Antoine believes that he must always have the approval of virtually all the important people in his life. b. Beatriz thinks it is awful and catastrophic when life does not go the way she wants it to go. c. Carmine believes that her past will invariably affect her and determine her behavior. d. Dominic believes that people must always treat him fairly, and it is horrible when they do not. e. Eduardo believes that life's problems don't typically have clear and quick solutions.
Stress affects our health directly by ________ and indirectly by ________
A) interfering with immune system functioning; decreasing the effort we expend in fitness-related and other preventive behaviors B) decreasing the probability that we will modify our diet to include healthier foods ; decreasing our desire for "comfort" foods, such as chocolate C) decreasing the effort we expend in preventive behavior; increasing the effort we expend in fitness-related behavior D) decreasing the probability that we will seek medical care for illnesses; increasing the probability that we will modify our diet to include healthier foods E) decreasing the effort we expend in fitness-related behavior; increasing the effort we expend in preventive behavior