Erik goes to play in the sandbox. When he is playing, Bill gets in the sandbox and tells Erik to leave. When he doesn't leave, Bill throws sand in his face. Erik cries and runs home. The next day Erik goes to play in the sandbox again. Kathleen is in the sandbox and starts throwing sand at Erik. Again, he starts crying and runs home. Erik doesn't play in the sandbox anymore. Erik's behavior of
playing in the sandbox has been strengthened/weakened by
a. extinction.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. negative reinforcement.
d. punishment.
D
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Generativity is best described as …
a. Works to master physical environment b. Trying to integrate many different roles c. Giving back to make it better for others d. Learning to make a personal commitment
Which statement about the cloze procedure is true?
A. It entails the construction of comprehension questions. B. It involves the use of both semantic and syntactic clues. C. It has no utility for improving comprehension. D. It proves that a reader needs to read every word to understand a passage.
Which of the following areas of phonemic awareness are needed for early reading?
a. identifying beginning sounds of words b. separating beginning sounds of words c. substituting one beginning sound for another d. blending a beginning sound and rime e. all of the above
During the acquisition stage of learning, reinforcement should occur on a(n)
a. intermittent basis b. continuous basis c. contingent basis d. ratio schedule