Describe the pathway of energy in light-dependent reactions.
What will be an ideal response?
1.The energy is present initially as light.
2.A photon of light hits chlorophyll, causing an electron to be energized. 3.The free electron travels through the electron transport chain, and the energy of the electron is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, transferring the energy into the electrochemical gradient. 4.The energy of the electrochemical gradient is used to power ATP synthase, and the energy is transferred into a bond in the ATP molecule.
5. In addition, energy from another photon can be used to create a high-energy bond in the molecule NADPH.
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The organ system that maintains a constant internal environment through the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.
A) Muscular
G) Respiratory
B) Reproductive
H) Skeletal
C) Digestive
I) Nervous
D) Cardiovascular
J) Endocrine
E) Integumentary
K) Lymphatic
F) Urinary
Spindle fibers
a. are composed of DNA. b. only appear during interphase. c. attach to the ends of chromosomes. d. connect chromosomes to the center of the cell. e. are used to organize and move chromosomes during mitosis.
You decide to do an experiment with isolated myofibrils to explore the effects of ATP hydrolysis on myofibril function. You do this by bathing the myofibrils in a solution that contains a modified form of ATP, which cannot be split into ADP and Pi. At what step will myofibril function be arrested by using this compound instead of unmodified ATP?
A. The myosin heads will remain attached to the actin filaments after the power stroke. B. Myosin heads will bind to the actin filaments, but the power stroke will not occur and actin filaments will not slide over the myosin filaments. C. Myosin heads will be unable to bind to the actin filaments. D. Myosin molecules will be unable to assemble into thick filaments. E. There will be no block in the cycle, since ATP hydrolysis is not required for this process.
This apparatus was used in the primitive Earth
atmosphere simulation experiments performed by a. Stanley Miller. b. Thomas Brock. c. Australian researchers. d. Jeon Kwang. e. Lynn Margulis.