After Mateo, a student in your class, reads a series of scientific articles discussing the value of multiple vitamin supplements in preventing heart disease, he approaches you and remarks, "I'm confused. If all of these scientists are studying the same issue and they are all using the scientific method, why aren't they all coming to the same conclusions?" Your response should emphasize that
a. not all scientists adhere to the scientific method.
b. one of the articles is obviously biased.
c. scientists differ in the ways in which they select and interpret data.
d. many scientists intentionally alter their data because of their own preconceived ideas.
C
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A situation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training, social skills instruction, and other services is
A) job coaching. B) job shadowing. C) supported employment. D) partial employment.
Suppose you were investigating the influence of player decisions (e.g. where to distribute a pass) during a game of basketball on the outcome of the match. The partial correlation value between the predictor and outcome variable is known as the R-statistic in logistic regression and ranges from –1 to +1. If a value of –.83 was obtained, what would you conclude about the influence player decisions have on the outcome of the game?
A. As the predictor value increases, the likelihood of the outcome variable decreases. B. As the predictor value increases, the likelihood of the outcome variable increases. C. The difference between the predictor and outcome variables is due to chance. D. All of the above are correct depending on the conditions.
Reactivity is a more serious threat in studies involving
a. observations. c. document analysis. b. interviews. d. All of these are true.
Kathy Kelly, a seventh-grade teacher, notices that Joanne, a new student, appears quite ill at ease in her class. She decides to try to make her feel more comfortable, so each day when Joanne comes in, Kathy spends a few seconds with her, smiles and puts her arm around Joanne's shoulder. After a period of time she notices that Joanne appears to feel much better when entering the classroom
Kathy's efforts most closely relate to an application of which of the following? a. Negative reinforcement b. Classical conditioning c. Positive reinforcement d. Vicarious conditioning