Explain how mechanical complications can develop with tube feedings. How are these complications corrected?
?Mechanical problems include clogged feeding tubes, malfunctioning feeding pumps, and feeding tubes that become dislodged after placement. The feeding tube itself may be a physical irritant and may warrant a change to a different type of tubing or a different feeding route. Transnasal routes are associated with a number of side effects, such as dry mouth from increased mouth breathing and reduced salivary secretions, sinus or middle ear infections due to blocked sinuses or Eustachian tubes, and injury to GI tissues. In ostomy patients, leakages of GI secretions sometimes develop at tube insertion sites. They can be corrected by ensuring that the tube size is appropriate and flushing tubing with water before and after giving formula. Remedies to unclog feeding tubes include flushes with warm water or solutions that contain pancreatic enzymes and sodium bicarbonate; consult the pharmacist for more options.
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Which of the following statements regarding the use of diet to promote weight loss is TRUE?
a. Larger portion sizes tend to promote higher energy consumption. b. High-energy-dense foods tend to cost more than low-energy-dense foods. c. VLCDs are more effective in achieving weight loss than LCDs. d. After one year, low-carbohydrate diets result in greater weight loss than diets with 50-60% of kcalories from carbohydrates.
The recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants are based on the
a. average amounts present in body tissues of thriving infants. b. adult RDA scaled down to infants on a per kg body weight basis. c. older child's RDA scaled down to the infant on a per kg body weight basis. d. average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers. e. average amounts found in breast milk.
Nutritionists suggest that no more than ________ percent of your daily calories should come from fat.
a. 20 b. 30 c. 10 d. 40
Housing, sanitation and storage facilities, education, communication, and transportation systems are components of a country's
A. social capital. B. infrastructure. C. social structure. D. architecture.