In the application of operant conditioning, the events that immediately precede or induce behaviors are referred to as:
a. punishers.
b. consequences.
c. reinforcers.
d. antecedents.
d
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Giving teapots life in poetry is an example of a. reality
b. personification. c. allusion. d. animalism.
Dr. Valentine is explaining the art of writing a good love poem. He stands at the front of the classroom and writes key phrases and transitions on the board. He works very deliberately in hopes that every student will be able to follow his instruction. Which of the following terms best describes this instructional situation?
a. independent practice b. guided practice c. structured practice d. distributed practice
According to Vygotsky, one's culture
a. plays no role in cognitive development. b. affects how we relate to one another but not how we think. c. plays a weak role in cognitive development. d. strongly influences what we learn and how we think.
Standardized assessment instruments are:
a. norm-referenced and have precise directions for administration as well as uniform scoring procedures. b. developed by interdisciplinary teams and are field-tested under uniform administration procedures. c. criterion-referenced rather than norm-referenced and, therefore, are very useful to middle school educators. d. revised to meet certain acceptability criteria, and scored and interpreted using uniform procedures and standards. 12. Recent developments in assessment have given middle school educators: