Why are chloroplasts and mitochondria believed to have originated from ancient prokaryotes? How is
the function and structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria similar and different?
What will be an ideal response?
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes that resemble those found in
bacteria. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plants and algae. Mitochondria are the sites for
most of the cell respiration in all eukaryotes. The size of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar –
and are similar in size to a prokaryotic cell (2-10 ?m vs. 1-5 ?m vs. 1-5 ?m, respectively).
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are usually lens- or disc-shaped and are surrounded by a smooth outer
boundary membrane and an inner boundary membrane. Both are found in the cystol. Mitochondrial
cristae, which are folds of the inner membrane, and chloroplast grana (flattened closed sacs called
thylakoids), provide a large surface area for the biochemical processes that occur in each organelle.
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What is the key factor determining whether or not attenuation will occur when transcription of the E. coli trp operon has been initiated?
A. The trp operon repressor B. The level of tryptophan in the environment C. The activity level of adenyl cyclase D. The level of trp-tRNA that is charged with tryptophan
The buttery, edible flesh that encloses the large seed of an avocado is tissue of the ____
a. microspore b. ovule c. ovary d. cotyledon e. pollen
A type of lymphocyte called a(n) ________ detects cells with abnormal surface proteins and kills them
A) eosinophil B) NK cell C) neutrophil D) basophil E) mast cell
Cheese, yogurt, and buttermilk are produced by bacteria that form ____
a. ethyl alcohol
b. acetaldehyde c. pyruvate d. lactate e. citrate