Professor Charles Lindblom in the 1950s described the domestic policymaking process as the “science of muddling through.” What was meant by this statement?
a. Officials must often resort to incremental and haphazard breakthroughs when creating policies.
b. Creating confusion can be intentional, and some make it as complicated as possible.
c. Muddling implies confusion, but often what appears to be muddling is intentional tactics designed to stall progress.
d. Legislators rarely do anything intentionally.
e. Muddling implies that something is actually pretty simple, thus creating public policy is not as difficult as some claim.
ANS: A
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In the year 1938, the Supreme Court forced states to do which of these regarding education?
a. Integrate institutions of higher education. b. Establish equivalent segregated universities for African Americans. c. Integrate institutions of higher education, but only if they had the finances to do so. d. Integrate institutions of higher education, or establish equivalent segregated universities for African Americans.
Is it possible to determine whether a treatment led to a change in the value of cases on the dependent variable in an experiment in which there was no pretest?
What will be an ideal response?
During times of financial crisis with an outraged citizenry, members of both political parties tend to find common ground and abandon their commitment to
a. trickle-down theory. b. laissez-faire capitalism. c. Keynesian economics. d. Malthusian theory. e. capitalism.
Which of the following would be an action for which ethnic lobbyists might advocate by putting pressure the federal government?
a. to open trade with a country that is controlled by a dictator who has committed human rights violations b. to increase spending for research on race relations in America at an African American university c. to support and supply foreign aid to a country even if it disrupts American relations with other nations that are at odds with that country d. to lower tariffs on products imported from another country that are needed to manufacture a product in the United States in order to save American jobs e. to investigate possible damage to the U.S. economy because a new treaty with another country is causing American employers to move jobs to that country