How are fraternal twins different from identical twins?
a) Fraternal twins develop from one egg; identical twins develop from two eggs.
b) Fraternal twins are monozygotic; identical twins are dizygotic.
c) Fraternal twins have all the same genes; identical twins do not have all the same genes.
d) Differences between identical twins are due to the environment; differences between fraternal twins may be due to either environment or genes.
Answer: d) Differences between identical twins are due to the environment; differences between fraternal twins may be due to either environment or genes.
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Which scenario illustrates the gender-schema theory of gender-typed behavior?
A. Four-year-old Sean states to his father, "Someday I will be a dad, but I will never be a mom and have babies." B. Four-year-old Sharon exclaims to her mother, "Mommy, look! I baked a cake, just like you do!" C. Three-year-old Dan feels proud of himself as he flexes his biceps and says to himself, "Look at my big muscles!" D. Three-year-old Nila shouts at her father, "Go away daddy; I want mommy!"
Which of the following is not one of the reasons why research participants are debriefed following an experiment?
a. Any questions or misunderstandings that the participants may have about an experiment can be cleared up by the experimenter. b. Unintended negative effects of an experimental procedure (e.g., embarrassment) can be corrected or minimized by the experimenter. c. To provide information to participants about after-care available to them in the event that there are more lasting effects of their participation in an experiment. d. When deception has been used, to ensure that the participants did not discover the true purpose of the experiment.
Individuals will perceive a decision-making process as fair if they:
A. believe they have a voice in the process B. are treated with respect during the process C. believe authorities in the process are motivated by fairness D. all of the above
Sammy is at an age where he is developing a sexual identity and considering how to act on it. Which of the following will have the most impact on how Sammy navigates this process?
A. doctors B. society C. parents D. school