Which of these situations describes a reactive (Hawthorne) effect?
a. Control subjects in an intervention study to reduce anxiety also experience a reduction in anxiety.
b. The subjects in an intervention support group continue the support group after the study has ended.
c. Subjects become concerned after learning that they received a placebo, not the treatment, during the study.
d. Study subjects want to know the outcomes of the study after it is completed.
ANS: A
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A Reactivity occurs when control subjects respond to the investigator not because of the treatment but because of the fact they were being studied.
B Continuing a treatment after a study is over is not necessarily related to reactive effects.
C After a treatment is finished and the study is over, concern about the use of a placebo would not be a reactive effect.
D The desire to know about study outcomes after the study is finished is not a reactive effect.
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