Vertebrate lungs originally evolved from ____
a. fish gills
b. fish guts
c. lizard gills
d. lizard guts
e. salamander gills
ANSWER: b
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Which of the following is true of the topoisomerases found in bacteria?
A. Type I topoisomerases introduce single-stranded breaks and as a result change the linking number by 1. B. Type I topoisomerases introduce single-stranded breaks and as a result change the linking number by 2. C. Type II topoisomerases introduce single-stranded breaks and as a result change the linking number by 2. D. Type II topoisomerases introduce double-stranded breaks and as a result change the linking number by 1. E. Type I topoisomerases are the only category that can introduce negative supercoils.
The figure shows a simplified phylogeny of closely related species of primates. This tree was proposed by comparing DNA sequence changes in the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II. The vertical scale represents time and the branch points represent common ancestors. What species did ancestor B give rise to?
A. Siamangs and orangutans.
B. All of the species except orangutans.
C. All of the species except siamangs.
D. All of the species except siamangs and pigmy chimps.
The movement of xylem sap is best described from the ____ to the ____
a. shoot system; root system b. sinks; sources c. root system; shoot system d. sources; sinks e. shoot system; sinks
Which soil layer, containing no organic matter, is composed of weathered rock fragments?
a. O Horizon b. A Horizon c. B Horizon d. C Horizon e. bedrock