In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes?
A. Component biosynthesis
B. Penetration
C. Assembly
D. Release
Answer: D
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Proteins on the cell surface label the cells as "self", identifying them to the immune cells as belonging to the organism
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump ________ into the outer membrane compartment, setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.
A. NADH B. hydrogen ions C. phosphate D. ATP E. oxygen
Select all of the ways by which muscles help maintain body temperature.
Which option would be the LEAST effective initial line of defense against pathogens?
A. Lysosomes in the fluid bathing the eye B. Thick mucus coating the trachea C. Thin, unkeratinized skin of a salamander D. Exoskeleton of a beetle E. Strong stomach acid