Vasoconstrictors are combined with local anesthetics for which reasons? (Select all that apply.)
a. To enhance absorption
b. To reduce the risk of toxicity
c. To prevent bradycardia
d. To shorten the duration of action
e. To prolong anesthesia
ANS: B, E
Vasoconstrictors, when combined with local anesthetics, reduce the risk of toxicity and prolong the anesthetic effects. Vasoconstrictors, when combined with local anesthetics, do not speed up the absorption process, prevent bradycardia, or shorten the duration of action.
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