Breathing rate increases during exercise due to
A) a joint reflex.
B) stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen
and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide.
C) all of the above.
D) signals from the cerebral cortex to the respiratory areas when it also signals skeletal
muscles to contract.
C
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Marjorie takes an anti-anxiety drug so that she can sleep better and remain calm enough to study effectively. She begins by taking 25 milligrams every evening, but within a month this dose is no longer helping, so she takes two pills. After another month this dosage is no longer effective. This is happening because
A. she has developed tolerance, which means that her liver can no longer metabolize the drug, so it remains active for too long. B. her immune system is rejecting the drug. C. the number of receptors to which the drug binds on neurons has increased. D. the number of receptors to which the drug binds on neurons has declined.
According to the hierarchy of motor control,
A. the highest level of control consists entirely of neurons in the primary motor region of the cerebral cortex. B. the middle level of control does not involve any areas of the cerebral cortex. C. the local level of control includes the cerebellum and basal nuclei. D. structures in the middle level receive information from both the higher and the local levels of the hierarchy. E. afferent information from skin, joint, and muscle receptors cannot modify a movement once it has been initiated by a motor program from the middle level of the hierarchy.
Intervertebral disks are composed of
A. reticular cartilage. B. elastic cartilage. C. fibrocartilage. D. hyaline cartilage.
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
A. Transportation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Regulation