Describe the contemporary model of emotion, explaining how each of the theories of emotion is included within this model
What will be an ideal response?
Answer will include that an emotional stimulus, for example a feared object, is appraised as a threat (emotional appraisal theory) or other cause of emotion. Your appraisal gives rise to autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal and cognitive labeling (Schachter's cognitive theory). The appraisal also releases innate emotional expressions (facial expressions for the facial feedback hypothesis). At the same time, your appraisal leads to adaptive behavior of running from the object (James-Lange theory). It also causes a change in consciousness that you recognize as the subjective experience of fear. Each element of emotion, including ANS arousal, labeling, adaptive behavior, subjective experience, and your emotional expressions, may further alter your emotional appraisal of the situation, as well as your thoughts, judgment, and perceptions. To summarize, James and Lange were right that feedback from arousal and behavior adds to our emotional experiences. Cannon and Bard were right about the timing of events, that is, being simultaneous. Schachter showed us that cognition is important. The facial feedback hypothesis illustrates the importance of facial expressions, such as smiling making us feel better and frowning making us feel worse. Richard Lazarus' theory stresses the importance of emotional appraisal of situations altering our perception and ultimately how we feel and will act.
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Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his mommy says "gotcha.". Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?
a. Laughing when his neck is touched b. Saying "gotcha" c. Laughing when he hears "gotcha" d. Touching his neck
Perhaps you've seen commercials on television that advertise skin products that "reduce free radicals and enhance your youthful appearance.". These products are actually forwarding a ____ theory of aging
a. programmed b. damage or error c. longevity d. abnutrition
Karlin is in dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. She is working with her therapist on how to say "no" to her sister, who has often exploited her. What part of dialectical behavior therapy focuses on this skill?
a. Interpersonal effectiveness skills training b. Emotional regulation skills training c. Distress tolerance skills training d. Mindfulness skills training
Young Rachel is in her second grade class, when the teacher announces a new challenge. "Every time you memorize a new poem and recite it before the entire class, you will get a gold star. As soon as you get 20 gold stars,
you get to pick a prize out of the prize box!" The new star chart, a beautiful grid on multicolored posterboard, is placed at the front of the class for all to see. Rachel immediately pulls out her reader, and looks for a poem she can memorize. What type of conditioning has Rachel's teacher used to help stimulate a memory-enhancing activity? a. Reinforcing conditioning b. Classical conditioning c. Vicarious conditioning d. Operant conditioning