Define dysphagia. What medical and nutritional complications may be associated with dysphagia?
What will be an ideal response?
• Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing; it can be a medical or feeding issue at any age and is more prevalent in older adults.
Muscle weakness, incoordination, impaired gag or swallow reflexes, and impaired cough contribute to dysphagia; it may result from neurological disorders, degenerative diseases, cancers, or postintubation traumas.
• Complications that can be associated with dysphagia include inadequate oral intake, unintended weight loss leading to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, depression, decreased rehabilitation potential, increased length of hospital stay, and increased medical costs. There are many nutritional concerns because the ability to eat by mouth efficiently and successfully is compromised by difficulties with chewing and swallowing.
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Energy is defined as ________.
A. transformation B. change C. the capacity to perform work D. movement
Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is:
a) eating foods that have been minimally processed. b) consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided. c) limiting added fats and sugars. d) All of these are effective strategies
After the first exposure to a food allergen the immune system forms ____
A) histamine B) tyramine C) antibodies D) anaphylaxis E) monosodium glutamate
Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)
1. Both caffeine and alcohol reduce the activity of ADH, but moderate caffeine intake does not appear to cause dehydration. 2. When the kidney excretes more sodium, water loss increases, this reduces blood volume and ultimately lowers blood pressure. 3. Moderate alcohol intake does not appear to have a significant negative effect on hydration.