The "Stopped Clock" counterexample shows that justified true belief is not sufficient for knowledge.
a. true
b false
Answer is a. true Rationale: (Alice sees a clock that reads two o'clock and believes that the time is two o'clock. It is, in fact, two o'clock. There's a problem, however: unknown to Alice, the clock she's looking at stopped twelve hours ago. Alice thus has an accidentally true, justified belief, but this does not count as knowledge. Hence, JTB is not sufficient for knowledge. Note: Alice's belief that p (it is two o'clock) is derived from the tacit assumption that the clock was working and is, thus, prone to the same objection as Gettier's own 'Smith and Jones' case - it rests on a false belief / a tacit assumption that turns out to be false.)
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Consider this passage from Descartes: "Don't I know myself much more truly and certainly, and also much more distinctly and plainly, than I know the wax? For, if I base my judgment that the wax exists on the fact that I see it, my seeing it much more obviously implies that I exist. It's possible that what I see is not really wax, and it's even possible that I don't have eyes with which to
see--but it clearly is not possible that, when I see (or, what now amounts to the same thing, when I think I see), the 'I' which thinks is not a real thing." Descartes is here claiming A) that the "I" is less distinctly known than the wax. B) that it is not possible to doubt that the "I" is a real thing, but it is possible to doubt the wax is a real thing. C) It is possible to doubt that the "I" is a real thing. D) the wax is more distinctly known than the I.
What does Aristotle mean by saying "One swallow does not make a summer"?
A. Do not believe what your eyes tell you. B. Doing something virtuous once is not being virtuous; it must be done as a matter of habit. C. You must wait until the time is ripe before acting; acting prematurely is a vice. D. Do like the swallows; flee before the winds of winter.
Aristotle based his philosophical views on pure ideas
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
"Janet is a girl, and she plays softball. Julie is a girl. I bet Julie plays softball, too." Identify the fallacy that applies to this example.
A. The fallacy of inconsistency B. The weak analogy fallacy C. The hasty generalization fallacy D. The slippery-slope fallacy E. None of the answers are correct