In ACT, therapists are likely to use ____________ to bring attention to the present moment
a. confrontation
b. mindfulness meditation
c. questions
d. labeling of distortions
B
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In behavioral therapy, shaping is a type of contingency management in which
a. the counselor and client analyze and manipulate preceding contingencies. b. the desired behavior doesn’t occur naturally, so behaviors that are close to the desired behavior are rewarded. c. rewards are given when a client is not performing an undesirable behavior. d. symbols are substituted for reinforcers. The symbols, such as poker chips are eventually exchanged for positive reinforcers. e. the client receives different types of reinforcements for each instance of desired behavior.
The diamond identifies both _______ and awareness of internal factors as necessary for vocational decisions
a. education b. external realities c. self-exploration d. understanding
A psychoanalyst would most likely say which of the following about self-esteem?
a. A solid sense of self-esteem can be created only by creating a style of life that is of value to the world. b. A stable sense of self-esteem can only be experienced when a client's personality is at a more genital level of functioning. c. Feelings of genuine esteem accompany the awareness of having decided to live a more effective life. d. Self-esteem is the hard-earned, natural response clients can make only to themselves after struggling to be authentic.
What is meant by the Freudian term, projection?
a. Taking anger out on someone other than the person who angers you. b. Attributing to others your own characteristic way of being. c. Avoiding a threatening situation by returning to an earlier developmental stage. d. Creating a logical reason to explain a painful experience and thus remove it from the sphere of feelings. e. Acting and speaking in opposition to impulses that you wish you didn’t have.