Constipation can be caused by
a. emotional stress.
b. a low-fiber diet.
c. a sedentary lifestyle.
d. dehydration.
e. all of these.
Answer: e
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What would be a primary advantage of using an attenuated agent rather than just an antigen from that agent for a vaccine?
A. This is actually a disadvantage-it's much more dangerous to use an attenuated agent over a subunit (single antigen) vaccine due to the possibility of reversion of the microbe to a pathogenic state. B. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the antibody production (humoral response) of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. C. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the cytotoxic T cell (CTL, cell-mediated) side of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. D. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates both the humoral (antibody) AND cell-mediated (T cell) portions of the adaptive immune response, giving the best comprehensive long-term protection available.
Which of the following is NOT a hormone
produced in the anterior pituitary?
a. growth hormone b. thyroid-stimulating hormone c. adrenocorticotropic d. antidiuretic hormone e. luteinizing hormone
One function of HCl secreted in the stomach is to convert pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin. Why don't stomach cells simply secrete pepsin instead?
A. Adequate amounts of pepsin are already manufactured by the pancreas. B. Only the pepsinogen version is able to stabilize fat-water emulsions. C. Pepsin is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH. D. If cells produced active pepsin, they would digest their own cellular proteins.
Hydroponic culture is the process of ____
a. growing plants in pure water mixed with carefully measured amounts of specific minerals b. irrigation of dry areas to improve mineral absorption by plants c. growing plants in ponds and lakes to improve their access to water, allowing the plants to place more resources into the shoot system d. irrigation of dry areas to prevent crop plants from wilting e. growing plants with specific hydrocarbons added to the soil to test the effect on plant growth