Ramon refuses to eat his vegetables. His parents send him to bed without any dinner. What type of behavior modification is being used in this scenario?
A. negative punishment
B. positive punishment
C. negative reinforcement
D. positive reinforcement
Answer: A
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What procedure would a researcher use to measure the reliability of a test?
a. Compare scores on the test to measurements of an important real-life behavior. b. Administer the test to several groups of people from different cultures. c. Administer the test more than once to the same group of people. d. Survey well-known researchers about their opinion of the test.
Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to
a. include benefits for physical health but not mental health. b. include benefits for mental health but not physical health. c. include benefits for both physical and mental health. d. be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.
Roger holds a number of negative stereotypes about women; specifically, he thinks that most women are manipulative, vain, and lazy. In trying to understand why Roger holds these stereotypes, which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask?
a. Does Roger feel so intimidated by women that he expresses these negative stereotypes in order to "cover up" his deep-seeded lack of self-esteem? b. Did Roger have a difficult relationship with his mother as a young child that might have fostered negative attitudes toward all women? c. Does Roger have a physical brain abnormality? d. Has Roger been exposed to these stereotypes in the media, or has he perhaps had a few limited (but negative) interactions with women that might have helped to perpetuate these stereotypes?
Research participants' performance may be altered as a result of special attention given to them rather than because of any effect of the independent variable. This is called:
a. the Hawthorne effect b. the placebo effect c. demand characteristics d. a cultural effect