Four-year-old Hugo is shown two rows of six candles each. The candles in one row are spaced farther than the candles in the other row. When Justin is asked if there are an equal number of candles in both rows, he replies that the row with more distance between the candles has more candles. According to Jean Piaget, this illustrates Hugo's inability to grasp ________.
A. object permanence
B. conservation
C. transduction
D. theory of mind
Answer: B
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According to the Moreland and Levine theory of group socialization
a. adaptation is unidirectional: members change to match the demands of their groups. b. once a member is socialized s/he remains in that stage until s/he leaves the group. c. socialization occurs in three stages: entry, role confusion, and stabilization. d. commitment increases the longer the individual remains in the group. e. none of the listed statements are true.
Which factor is not identified by Schaie as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age?
a. Living in good housing b. Having a flexible personality style c. Being satisfied with life d. Being single
Sometimes a person may feel guilty without knowing why. Psychoanalytic theory credits such guilt to the
a. preconscious workings of the ego. b. conscious workings of the id. c. unconscious workings of the superego. d. postconscious workings of the ideal self.
The individual responsible for describing the drive-reduction theory was
a. Sigmund Freud. c. Richard Solomon. b. William James. d. Clark Hull.