The idea that the purpose of life is the immediate satisfaction of one's needs is known as the
a. pleasure principle.
b. reality principle.
c. gratification principle.
d. none of these answers are correct
A
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In a study, Williams and Best (1990) examined gender differences in self-concepts in 14 countries. When responses were scored according to masculinity/femininity, both self and ideal-self ratings for men were more masculine than were women's ratings, and vice versa, across all countries
a) True b) False
Karen smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. However, she is aware that smoking is harmful to her health; therefore, she holds two conflicting or dissonant thoughts. If Karen were to reduce her cognitive dissonance by reducing the amount of her perceived choice, she might say to herself,
a. "Smoking really is not that dangerous.". b. "Smoking is a habit that I have little control over.". c. "I think that I'll try to give smoking up.". d. "I'll only smoke when I feel stressed out.".
Hormonal changes during menstruation can trigger migraine headaches
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
If you were field-testing two or more versions of a question to determine which version provides the most accurate results, you would be conducting a ______.
A. validity study B. reliability study C. behavior coding test D. split sample test