Three-year-old Ruby is in her playroom by herself, coloring with her crayons. She thinks without vocalizing her thoughts, "The sky will be blue with white clouds. My flowers should be yellow and red." Ruby's thoughts best illustrate _____.
A. fast mapping
B. artificialism
C. conservation
D. inner speech
Answer: D
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For three-year-old Tanner, the concept of friend does not encompass the full range of psychological complexities that it will when he is older. Rather, at this age, Tanner's conception of friend is synonymous with
a. peer. c. sibling. b. playmate. d. other child.
Pavlov's research on digestion demonstrated
a. the utility of electric shock as a stimulus. b. that animals can learn to respond to a previously neutral stimulus. c. that hunger is a more powerful drive than thirst. d. that digestion begins in the mouth when the food is mixed with saliva. e. the power of experimental ablation in research.
What is meant by the statement "A major characteristic of the human brain is adaptability?"
a. The human brain's structures are constantly competing and cooperating. b. The human brain is always working and constantly changing. c. The human brain is physically connected to every other major organ in the body. d. The human brain is significantly more complex than even the most sophisticated computer.
Escape conditioning is making a behavior to successfully remove an aversive stimulus. How is avoidance conditioning different?
a. Both are synonymous. b. In avoidance conditioning, an aversive stimulus is presented after the behavior. c. Avoidance conditioning is any behaviors that prevent the aversive stimulus from being presented in the first place. d. Avoidance conditioning applies specifically to animals only.