Although molecular methods are available, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying the Bartonella species, limitations exist. One limitation to testing is the specificity of:

a. probes.
b. polymerases.
c. primers.
d. restriction enzymes.


C
PCR targeting the 16S-23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene intergenic transcribed spacer region has been proposed as a reliable method for the detection of Bartonella deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in clinical samples. However, a recent study revealed some potential limitations, based on insufficient primer specificity.

Biology & Microbiology

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A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is _____

A) UCA B) UGA C) TCA D) ACU E) either UCA or TCA, depending on wobble in the first base

Biology & Microbiology

Commercial canning processes

A. are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores. B. kill all endospores. C. are especially needed on low acid foods. D. are 12D processes (designed to kill 1012 endospores). E. are geared to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores, are especially needed on low acid foods, AND are 12D (designed to kill 1012 endospores) processes.

Biology & Microbiology

What must be true when electrons are passed between protein complexes?

a. Electrons are directly passed from one complex to the next by physical contact. b. The oxidized electron carrier passes on the electron and becomes reduced. c. A proton is translocated to the inner mitochondrial space. d. The matrix decreases in pH. e. The reduced electron carrier passes on the electron and becomes oxidized.

Biology & Microbiology

Replacing a thymine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

A) translocation. B) transition. C) transversion. D) forward mutation. E) reversion or reverse mutation

Biology & Microbiology