One of the principal mechanisms by which the heart compensates for increased workload is:
A) Myocardial hypertrophy
B) Sodium and water retention
C) Endothelin vasoconstrictors
D) Ventricular wall tension increase
Ans: A
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The development of myocardial hypertrophy constitutes one of the principal mechanisms by which the heart compensates for an increase in workload. There are at least two types of endothelin receptors, and it is thought that the peptide may play a role in mediating noncompensatory pulmonary hypertension in persons with heart failure. One effect of a lowered cardiac output in heart failure is a noncompensatory reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, which leads to salt and water retention. Because increased wall tension increases myocardial oxygen requirements, it can produce noncompensatory ischemia and further impairment of cardiac function.
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