When a grandfather smiles at his young granddaughter, she responds by moving toward him. If he looks angry, she is likely to ________, suggesting that ________
a. also move toward him; she does not know the difference between these expressions
b. also move toward him; her behavior is unaffected by emotional expressions
c. move away; she can recognize and understand the meaning of these expressions
d. move away; her behavior is unaffected by emotional expressions
Answer: c. move away; she can recognize and understand the meaning of these expressions
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Which of the following studies would be impossible to answer by a cross-sectional study? a. How many 6-year-olds and 12-year-olds have friends of the opposite sex?
b. How do 6-year-olds and 12-year-olds react when a friend becomes abusive? c. Do 12-year-olds generally have more friends, or fewer, than 6-year-olds? d. Do children with many friends at age 6 also have many friends at age 12?
"If I said it, it must be true, because I've reduced the inconsistency of my beliefs and behavior." This best describes the:
A. arousal-cost-reward model B. cognitive dissonance theory C. covariation theory D. self-perception theory
Play(s) a role in explaining why people obey immoral commands
a. Social validation, but not legitimization of authority, b. Social comparison, but not legitimization of authority, c. Legitimization of authority, but not social validation, d. Legitimization of authority, but not social comparison, e. Social comparison and legitimization of authority
According to Erikson, individuals in their 70s and 80s are facing a time of reflection and the psychosocial conflict of
a. generativity versus stagnation. b. integrity versus despair. c. identity versus role confusion. d. autonomy versus shame and doubt.