The promoter is bound by which enzyme?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Reverse transcriptase
D) DNase
E) RNase
B
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Which of the following models for RNA polymerase II transcription termination is analogous to ?-dependent termination in bacteria?
A. the antiterminator model B. the submarine model C. the torpedo model D. the allosteric model E. the hairpin model
Southern blot is a method for ____
a. amplifying DNA segments using cycles of denaturation, annealing to primers, and DNA polymerase-directed DNA synthesis b. transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter and used in hybridization experiments c. determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule d. producing several clones from a single cell by placing the cell in a Petri dish and allowing it to go through several divisions e. detecting mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene expression
A mutation in E. coli results in the loss of both restriction endonucleases and modification enzymes. Would you expect any difference in the frequency of gene transfer via transduction FROM Salmonella INTO this E. coli strain?
A. No-since the Salmonella strain is normal, the rate of production of transducing virus particles would still be the same, resulting in the same frequency of gene transfer. B. Yes-the loss of the restriction endonucleases would leave the recipient E. coli unable to break down "invading"' viral DNA from the transducing phage. This would lead to higher rates of successful transduction. C. Yes-the loss of the modification enzymes would leave the recipient E. coli unable to tag its own DNA as "self," leaving the viral DNA untagged and recognizable as "foreign," and targeted for destruction. This would lead to higher rates of successful transduction. D. No-transduction efficiency isn't affected by either restriction endonucleases or modification enzymes, so there'd be no effect on the overall rate. E. Yes-the loss of the restriction endonucleases would leave the recipient E. coli unable to break down "invading" viral DNA from the transducing phage, AND the loss of the modification enzymes would leave the recipient E. coli unable to tag its own DNA as "self," leaving the viral DNA untagged and recognizable as "foreign," and targeted for destruction. Together, thesewould lead to higher rates of successful transduction.
Photosynthetic organisms provide ____ to ecosystems
a. provisioning services b. regulating services
c. nutrient cycling d. hybridization e. support services