There is a relationship between reliability and validity. Which of the following is true?
a. A test cannot be valid unless it is reliable.
b. A test cannot be reliable unless it is valid.
c. A test can be valid but not reliable.
d. Reliability and validity are not related.
a
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Which of the following ethical principles is contradicted when deception is used in research?
A. informed consent B. risk/benefit ratio C. minimal risk D. privacy
A study about the college aptitude of seniors at South City High School has resulted in a sample mean with a corresponding z-score of +1.89 . If the critical value for the region of rejection is what is the correct conclusion?
a. Since the z-value falls within the region of rejection, we should conclude this sample mean likely represents some other population. b. Since the z-value does not fall within the region of rejection, we should not conclude this sample mean represents some other population. c. Since the z-value falls within the region of rejection, we should not conclude this sample mean represents some other population. d. Since the z-value does not fall within the region of rejection, we should conclude this sample mean likely represents some other population.
A researcher intends to compare two different treatment conditions. Participants for the first treatment are selected and tested early in the school semester, and participants for the second treatment are selected and tested late in the semester. In this study, the time-of-testing represents a confounding variable
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Theories which include the idea that emotion is the result of an appraisal of the present condition of stimuli suggest that:
a. emotions do not require cognition b. emotions are universal c. emotions require cognition d. emotions are innate