What type of effect occurs when insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, resulting in an in-crease in glucose uptake by those muscle cells?
a. Pharmacologic
b. Permissive
c. Biphasic
d. Direct
ANS: D
Direct effects are the obvious changes in cell function that result specifically from stimulation by a particular hormone as is true with insulin. Pharmacologic effects are the result of high doses of a drug. Permissive effects are less obvious hormone-induced changes that facilitate the maximal response or functioning of a cell. Biphasic effects are twofold effects.
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