The study of the effects of heredity on behavior is known as __________ genetics
a) environmental
b) nature
c) nurture
d) behavioral
Answer: d
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An adolescent who is raised with little discipline or with harsh, uncaring parental supervision may be susceptible to becoming __________.
A. a deviant delinquent B. a conduct disorder criminal C. an oppositional defiant offender D. an undersocialized delinquent
Johnson just developed a clinical measure that he believes will predict future incidence of substance use among his clinic patients. He plans to examine how well his measure works by using it with his patients, then gathering data in 6 months on their
level of substance use. Johnson is primarily concerned with the _________ of his clinical measure. a. predictive validity b. etiological validity c. concurrent validity d. reliability
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the precursors of an individual diagnosed with social anxiety disorder?
A. Infants who are easily distressed by familiar faces show increased risk of developing social anxiety. B. Infants who exhibit shyness and behavioral inhibition are at increased risk of becoming more fearful during childhood. C. Parental mental health has no bearing on a child's manifestation of social anxiety. D. Children assessed as being high in behavioral inhibition are no more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety than children assessed as being low in behavioral inhibition.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior results in , and negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior results in
a. a pleasant event; the removal of an unpleasant event b. punishment; reward c. a pleasant outcome; a reward for bad behavior d. escape; punishment