Indirect techniques used by interest groups include
A) approaching elected officials personally to press their cases.
B) mobilizing the general public to influence the government on issues of concern.
C) forming alliances with other groups that are concerned about the same legislation.
D) paying members of Congress to act as consultants.
E) rating voting records of members of Congress and publicizing the results.
B
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Why did the Supreme Court strike down an affirmative action program in Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) but uphold a different affirmative action program in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
a. The Gratz program was predicated on promoting diversity, while the Grutter program was predicated on remedying past discrimination. b. The Gratz program used race as a "plus factor," while the Grutter program relied on a race-based quota system. c. The Gratz program used a mechanical, point-based system, while the Grutter program used race as part of an individualized, holistic review. d. The Gratz program classified applicants by race, while the Grutter program classified applicants by ethnicity.
When debating the results of a policy evaluation, evaluators often have to defend against what type of criticism?
a. There was not enough time for the true effects of the policy to emerge. b. They gave too much preference to one outcome criteria. c. The cost reductions or the social benefits aren’t enough to justify continuing the policy. d. All of these choices are types of criticism often encountered
Democracies have never seriously considered going to war against each other
a. True b. False
Which of the following is one way in which the White House staff is different from the president's Cabinet?
a. The White House staff is not subject to Senate confirmation. b. The Cabinet is more loyal to the president than is the White House staff. c. The Cabinet works more closely with the president than does the White House staff. d. The White House staff must perform their job duties in accordance with congressional legislation, while the Cabinet has no such restraints.