The circles in “B” are
a. fragments of the main bacterial DNA.
b. plasmids.
c. cDNA molecules.
d. DNA templates.
e. none of these.
Answer: b
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Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle, including boron, chromium, manganese, and cobalt.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which of the following statements comparing hemidesmosomes with desmosomes is TRUE?
A. Both hemidesmosomes and desmosomes associate with integrin, but not cadherin molecules. B. Hemidesmosomes are anchorage junctions but desmosomes are not. C. Hemidesmosomes interact with actin filaments while desmosomes interact with intermediate filaments. D. Hemidesmosomes are found in plant cells while desmosomes are found in animal cells. E. Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the ECM while desmosomes anchor cells to other cells.
Ionic bonds
A) are electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions and form when electrons are transferred from atom to another. B) form when electrons are transferred from atom to another and only exist as ions in solution. C) are electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. D) only exist as ions in solution. E) form when electrons are transferred from atom to another.
Which of the following organisms is considered a primary consumer?
A. a cougar B. algae C. a grasshopper D. a toadstool E. a holly bush