Six-month-old Kara watches as two dolls are placed behind a screen. When the screen is removed, Kara sees either two dolls (possible) or one doll (impossible). Which of the following reactions is the infant likely to show?
A. Kara will not notice any difference between the possible and impossible outcomes, as evidenced by no difference in looking times at the two outcomes.
B. Kara will look longer at the impossible outcome than the possible outcome.
C. Kara will look longer at the possible outcome because it is familiar to her.
D. Kara will not look at either outcome because they will have habituated to the original stimulus.
Answer: B
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A token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with:
a. establishing operations b. backup reinforcers c. the occurrence of desirable behavior d. A and B
For Freud, resolving the Electra or Oedipus complex leads the six-year-old child to
a. seek mutilation of his or her genitals. b. fantasize about an ideal world lacking any biased gender-role stereotypes. c. actively reject the essentialist bias. d. identify with the same-sex parent.
Which aspects of temperament and personality emerge earliest in life?
a. irritability c. dominance b. effortful control d. sociability
Zach is a 4-year-old boy who attends preschool. During story time, every student is
expected to sit still and pay attention. However, Zach is often caught distracting others around him by talking, nudging, or fidgeting with his hands. Zach apparently has similar problems at home, although he has no difficulty paying attention to his favorite TV shows. According to the DSM-IV-TR, which of the subtypes of ADHD would best characterize Zach's behavior? a. Predominantly inattentive type b. Predominantly oppositional defiant type c. Predominately hyperactive-impulsive type d. Combined type e. b and c