Drugs administered in the epidural space spread by: (Select all that apply.)
a. diffusion through the dura mater.
b. transport through blood vessels.
c. absorption by fat.
d. absorption through muscle.
A, B, C
A drug administered in the epidural space spreads (1) by diffusion through the dura mater into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where it acts directly on receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; (2) via blood vessels in the epidural space for systemic delivery; and/or (3) by means of absorption by fat in the epidural space, creating a depot where the drug is released slowly into the systemic circulation.
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Split-thickness skin grafts (autografts) are used to cover deep partial-thickness burn injuries because
a. deep partial-thickness burns will never heal without surgical intervention. b. surgeons cannot tell deep partial-thickness injuries from full-thickness injuries, and full-thickness injuries require surgical intervention to heal. c. fascial excision is required in deep partial-thickness injuries. d. split-thickness skin grafts provide a better cosmetic and functional result than does the natural healing in these injuries.
After teaching a group of nursing students about upper gastrointestinal system drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a gastrointestinal stimulant?
A) Ranitidine (Zantac) B) Misoprostol (Cytotec) C) Omeprazole (Prilosec) D) Metoclopramide (Reglan)
__________ are sacs or pouches caused by herniation of the mucosa through a weakened portion of the muscular coat of the intestine or other structure
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The patient is admitted to the emergency department with possible smallpox exposure. The patient has never had a smallpox immunization. The nurse prepares to administer a smallpox vaccination, realizing that vaccination:
a. within 3 days of exposure will completely prevent the disease. b. is effective only if received before exposure. c. 4 to 7 days after exposure will completely prevent the disease. d. within 3 days will offer only some protection from disease.