A researcher decides to investigate change in the nature and formation of friendships in children from ages three to 11 . Discuss how both the longitudinal and microgenetic approaches might be used in this study. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of each? Would one method be preferable to the other in this situation?
What will be an ideal response?
In a cross-sectional design, people who differ in age are studied at the same point in time. In cross-sectional research, participants at each age level are different people. That is, they come from different cohorts, where a cohort is defined as a group of people of the same age who are exposed to similar cultural environments and historical events as they are growing up. By comparing participants in the different age groups, investigators can often identify age-related changes in whatever aspect of development they happen to be studying.
Microgenetic designs, currently favored by many researchers who study children's cognitive development, are used in an attempt to illuminate the processes that are thought to promote developmental changes. The logic is straightforward: children who are thought to be ready for an important developmental change are exposed repeatedly to experiences that are thought to produce the change, and their behavior is monitored as it is changing.
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When advertisers need to help sell a low-quality product, they often make ads that use loud music and distracting images (as opposed to ads that explicitly and straightforwardly discuss the features of the product). This is probably a good strategy because it is likely to foster ____ processing of the ad's claims, and in turn to ____
a. automatic; encourage emotional attachment to the product b. automatic; prevent people from doubting the validity of the claims c. deliberate; encourage emotional attachment to the product d. deliberate; prevent people from doubting the validity of the claims
"If I graduate from this university, I'll probably get a high status and high paying job," is an example of an expectancy for reinforcement sequences
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Why would conscientious people be more satisfied with their lives?
What will be an ideal response?
The conditioned stimulus is defined as
A) the stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. B) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. C) the previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to produce the conditioned response. D) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the conditioned response.