Which of the following has led scientists to question whether people lose consciousness during sleep?
A. atonia
B. lucid dreaming
C. REM sleep behavior disorder
D. sleep paralysis
Answer: B
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Punishment is rarely used as the sole type of behavioral intervention because the use of punishment:
a. actually causes the undesirable behavior to increase b. can damage the working relationship between the therapist and the client c. usually suppresses adaptive behaviors as well as maladaptive behaviors d. can produce severe depression in individuals who already have psychological disorders
In the ecological framework of coping in Chapter 8, cultural beliefs and practices, environmental hazards, and economic conditions are termed:
a. distal personal factors. b. distal contextual factors. c. protective processes. d. proximal stressors.
Addie is wondering whether the memory scores of her participants may have reflected not the difference in retention interval between the experimental and control conditions in her experiment but rather a difference in participants’ ages between the two conditions. Addie’s question concerns the ______ hypothesis.
a. confound b. research c. null d. inferential
You are filling out a self-report personality questionnaire and are experiencing a reference-group effect. What is that?
What will be an ideal response?