Alarmingly, in some areas where the rate of new cases of AIDS had been declining, it has begun increasing again. The statistic that tells us this information is
a. incidence.
b. correlation.
c. deviation.
d. prevalence.
Answer: a. incidence.
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Explain the short-term and long-term results of the Fast Track intervention, designed to prevent conduct problems in middle childhood and adolescence
What will be an ideal response?
Background conditioning occurs when medium- or high-intensity electric shock is presented but not preceded by an explicit CS. The authors attribute the failure of low-intensity electric shock to produce background conditioning to ________ and the near-absence of background conditioning when a CS precedes electric shock to ________.
a. habituation; overshadowing b. blocking; sensory preconditioning c. overexpectation; sensitization d. the S-S, S-R model of basic acquisition; the S-S, S-S model of basic acquisition
Melissa is an attractive woman who lives in Ottawa and loves hockey. When asked to predict if it were probable that she was a schoolteacher or a season ticket holder for the Ottawa Senators, most people selected the latter, even though there are more schoolteachers than there are season ticket holders in Ottawa. This is an illustration of:
A) hindsight bias. B) the representativeness heuristic. C) base-rate decision making. D) the sunk-cost fallacy.
According to the text, early behaviorists overlooked a crucial element in their theories of personality, which is the fact that
a. much of behavior is affected by the situation in which it occurs. b. behaviors are identical to personality, which is shaped by learning. c. people have stable traits that are unchanged by experience. d. people think and have different perceptions and expectations.