What is the level of certainty/proof that is required in a municipal ordinance violation case?

What will be an ideal response?


Preponderance of Evidence — This is the level of certainty required for a guilty verdict in a municipal ordinance violation case. The standard is met when there is more evidence indicating guilt than indicates innocence. A balancing scales analogy is appropriate in determining preponderance.

Criminal Justice

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By 1991, how many police departments were accredited?

A) 195 B) >2% C) both A and B D) None of the above.

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate sanction?

A. Fines B. Restitution C. Parole D. Forfeiture

Criminal Justice

Federal legislation applies to which of the following?

a. Federal employees b. Federal property c. Federal lands d. All of the above

Criminal Justice

How would you describe the relationship between patrol officers and police dispatchers?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice