Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. In early America, being detained in jail was not a punishment in and of itself.
2. Early American jails did not separate prisoners by sex, age, or the nature of the crime.
3. Flogging entails the amputation of a body part.
4. The sentencing goal of early penitentiaries was retribution.
5. The Pennsylvania System was a separate system.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
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Which of the following refers to two distinct methods of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks?
a. spamming and fraggling b. smurfing and fraggling c. stalking and spamming d. freezing and stalking
According to your textbook authors, Hanser has provided (a) specific recommendation(s) that is/are expected to improve public safety, offender reintegration, and the plight of the victim. His recommendation(s) is/are as follows:
a. Concerns for the victim(s) must remain paramount b. The public must be educated on restorative justice and offender reentry c. High-risk offenders will need to be appropriately identified and supervised d. All of the above
According to labeling theory, the major element in determining the criminality of an individual is
a. A specific quality inherent in the individual. b. The reaction of society. c. Inborn traits. d. None of the above
Cyber criminals who engage in cyber vandalism are often motivated by:
a. revenge. b. greed. c. profit. d. Cyber vandals are not motivated by any of these factors.