Describe the effects that malnutrition has on the various immune-system organs and tissues and its effect on the risk of infectious disease
When deprived of sufficient essential nutrients, indispensable tissues and cells of the immune system can dwindle in size and number, leaving the whole body vulnerable to infection. The skin and body linings, the first line of defense against infections, become thinner because their connective tissue is broken down, allowing agents of disease easy access to body tissues. A healthy digestive system normally musters a formidable defense—its linings not only impose a physical barrier but also are heavily laced with immune tissues, cells, and antibodies that intercept intruders. When malnutrition sets in, all of these defenses diminish, and invading infectious agents encounter little resistance. Once inside the warm, moist, nutritious body fluids and tissues, microbes quickly multiply and infection ensues.
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Studies that compare reported energy intake with actual energy expenditure suggest that individuals, including athletes, underestimate their energy intake by approximately 15 percent and some as high as 20 percent
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What is sugar?
Which of the following stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice?
a. Gastrin b. Secretin c. Glucagon d. Gastric-inhibitory peptide
What iron-rich food source would be the best choice for an adolescent who is a lacto-vegetarian?
a. Pinto beans and diced tomatoes b. Scrambled eggs with cheese c. Tuna sandwich d. Flour tortilla with cheese e. Fish sandwich with lettuce